Early Music Harps & Strings

Musician playing lute in vintage studio, early plucked techniques.

Editorial Team · on 18 July 2026 · 9 min read · Last reviewed 18 July 2026

The harp instrument is a stringed musical device with a resonant, triangular frame and strings stretched perpendicularly from the frame’s top to bottom. It is one of the oldest known instruments, with a rich history spanning millennia and diverse cultures.

In plain terms: Think of the harp as a giant spiderweb: the frame is the outer edge of the web, while the strings are the silk threads that vibrate to create sound when plucked, much like a spider feels vibrations through its web.

Key facts

The earliest harps date back over 4,000 years to ancient Mesopotamia.
Harps are typically classified into two main types: frame harps and open harps.
The modern concert harp has 47 strings and weighs between 70 and 80 pounds.
According to the Guinness World Records, the largest harp ever built measured 21 feet tall and had 132 strings.

What are the two types of harps?

Harps are broadly categorized into two types: frame harps and open harps.

The **frame harp** is a compact, triangular instrument where the strings are attached to a single, solid frame, such as the Celtic harp. The **open harp**, like the concert harp, has a hollow space between the sounding board and the string column, allowing for greater resonance and a larger range of notes. The choice between the two often depends on the harpist’s preference, budget, and the musical traditions they wish to explore. The concert harp, for instance, is designed for professional performances and has a more complex mechanism to accommodate chromatic notes, while the Celtic harp is favored for its portability and suitability for folk music.

How is the harp instrument sound produced?

Harpists pluck the strings to produce sound, which vibrates and creates musical tones.

To produce sound, you should pluck the strings with your fingertips, typically using the thumb and index or middle finger. The volume and timbre can vary based on the plucking force, finger position, and the harp’s construction. For example, the concert harp’s pedals allow the harpist to adjust the pitch of each string, enabling chromatic playing. In contrast, the Celtic harp relies on levers for sharping the strings, which is why it’s often used in folk music. The harp’s soundboard amplifies the vibrations, projecting the sound outward. The type of strings, typically gut, nylon, or metal, also influences the tone, with gut strings offering a warm, rich sound favored in early music recordings.

Who invented the harp instrument?

Harp instruments were not invented by a single person but evolved over time in various cultures.

Harps from around 3000 BCE were the earliest known and were found in the royal cemetery of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia. These early harps had angular frames and were played with bare hands. In Egypt, harps were used as early as 2500 BCE and were often depicted in tomb paintings, such as those found in the tomb of Queen Hetepheres. The Greeks and Romans also embraced the harp, with the lyre and the Roman cithara being popular stringed instruments. The modern concert harp, as we know it today, began to take shape in Europe during the Renaissance period, with significant developments in the 19th century by instrument makers like Sebastian Erard, who invented the double-action pedal mechanism. This innovation allowed for chromatic playing and greatly expanded the harp’s musical range.

What does the harp symbolize?

Harp instruments symbolize harmony, grace, and divine connection across various cultures and traditions.

In Celtic cultures, the harp represents the spirit of Ireland and is a national symbol, often associated with mythical figures like the Dagda, who possessed a magical harp capable of controlling the emotions of those who heard it. In Christianity, the harp is frequently depicted in religious art as an instrument of the angels and a symbol of divine praise. For example, the Small Harp: Portable Early Music in early church music often accompanied hymns and chants. In ancient Egypt, the harp was linked to the goddess Hathor, who was often depicted playing the harp to welcome the dead into the afterlife. The harp’s association with heaven and the divine is also evident in the harp motifs found in Islamic art, particularly in the architecture of mosques. The harp’s elegant form and soothing sound have made it a timeless symbol of artistry and spirituality.

What is the harp instrument price range?

Strings instrument prices vary significantly based on size, type, and quality, ranging from a few hundred dollars to tens of thousands.

For beginners, a small lap harp, such as the Lap Harp for Beginners: Easy Start Guide, can cost between $200 and $800. These harps are portable and suitable for learning the basics of harp playing. Intermediate harps, like the Celtic harp, typically range from $1,500 to $5,000 and offer a balance between affordability and quality. Professional concert harps, such as those made by Lyon & Healy or Salvi, can cost between $15,000 and $50,000 or more, depending on the materials and craftsmanship. The price also reflects the harp’s range, more strings and advanced mechanisms, like pedals, increase the cost. For those interested in early music recordings, a historical replica harp can cost between $3,000 and $10,000, depending on the level of authenticity and craftsmanship. It’s essential to research and perhaps consult with experienced harpists before making a purchase.

How has the harp instrument evolved over time?

Instruments of the harp family have evolved significantly over time, adapting to different musical traditions and technological advancements.

Ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian harps featured simple angular frames with few strings, marking the earliest harps. In Europe, the medieval harp, often depicted in illuminated manuscripts, had a curved neck and a small number of strings. The Renaissance brought innovations like the single-action pedal harp, which allowed for some chromatic playing. The modern concert harp, developed in the 19th century, features a double-action pedal mechanism, enabling full chromatic capability. This evolution is reflected in the harp’s role in various musical genres, from classical to folk and early music recordings. For instance, the Celtic harp, with its distinctive levers for sharping strings, is deeply rooted in folk traditions and is often used in Celtic Harp Instruments: Folk Traditions music. The concert harp, with its complex pedal system, is a staple in orchestras and solo performances, showcasing the harp’s versatility and enduring appeal.

What are some famous early music recordings featuring the harp instrument?

Several famous early music recordings feature the harp instrument, showcasing its rich history and diverse musical traditions.

One notable example is the recording of Clara’s Harp by the Irish harpist Gráinne Hambly, which features traditional Celtic music on the Musical Harp: Crafting Authentic Sound. Another significant recording is Music for a While by the English harpist Andrew Lawrence-King, which focuses on Baroque music and historical performance practices. For those interested in early music, the recording Le Roman de Fauvel by the Ensemble Diatribe includes harp performances that reflect the medieval musical style. These recordings highlight the harp’s role in early music and its ability to evoke the sounds and spirit of the past. The harp’s presence in these recordings underscores its importance in the development of Western musical traditions and its continued relevance in contemporary performances.

What is the Irish harp called?

The Irish harp is called the cláirseach.

The cláirseach is a traditional Celtic harp with a distinctive curved neck and a resonant, triangular frame. It is often associated with Irish folk music and is a symbol of Irish heritage. The cláirseach typically has 26 to 34 strings and is played with the fingertips, producing a warm, melodic sound. In Irish culture, the harp is deeply rooted in mythology and history, often linked to legendary figures like the Dagda and Oisin. The Irish harp is also depicted on the Irish euro coins and is a national emblem of Ireland. Its design and playing style have influenced the development of other Celtic harps, such as those used in Scottish and Welsh folk music.

How can you find a harp instrument for sale?

To find a harp instrument for sale, you can explore various online platforms, music stores, and specialized harp dealers.

To start your search, visit websites like eBay, Reverb, or specialized harp dealers such as harp instrument for sale. These platforms offer a wide range of harps, from small lap harps to professional concert harps. Local music stores may also carry harps or be able to order one for you. Additionally, harp societies and associations often have classified sections where members sell their instruments. When purchasing a harp, consider factors like size, type, budget, and the intended use. For beginners, a smaller harp like the lap harp may be a good starting point. For those interested in early music, historical replicas or Celtic harps might be more suitable. Always inspect the harp thoroughly or seek expert advice before making a purchase to ensure it meets your needs and expectations.

What are some notable harp instruments in different cultures?

Notable harp instruments in different cultures include the Celtic harp, the concert harp, the African kora, and the Indian veena.

Each of these harps reflects the unique musical traditions and cultural heritage of their respective regions. The Celtic harp, or cláirseach, is deeply rooted in Irish and Scottish folk music and is known for its distinctive sound and curved neck. The concert harp, with its double-action pedal mechanism, is a staple in classical music and orchestras worldwide. The African kora, a 21-string harp-lute, is played by the griots of West Africa and is known for its resonant, melodic sound. The Indian veena, a stringed instrument with a long history, is used in classical Carnatic music and features a unique design with a hollow body and a long neck. These harps showcase the diversity and richness of harp traditions across different cultures.

What are some essential books on the harp instrument?

Several essential books on the harp instrument provide valuable insights into its history, techniques, and repertoire.

One notable book is The Harp: History, Construction, and Technique by Herbert Myers, detailing the harp’s evolution and playing methods. Another key resource is Harp Music of the 19th Century by Sylvia Meyer, which explores the classical harp repertoire and its historical context. For those interested in early music, The Renaissance Harp by Andrew Lawrence-King is an invaluable guide to historical performance practices and repertoire. These books provide a wealth of information for harpists of all levels and offer a deeper understanding of the harp’s rich musical heritage.

Looking at these resources can enhance your appreciation and knowledge of the harp instrument, whether you’re a beginner or an experienced player.

Frequently asked questions

What are the earliest music recordings?

The earliest music recordings date back to the late 19th century. One of the earliest known recordings is 'Au Clair de la Lune' sung by Auclair de la Lune, recorded by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville in 1860 using a phonautograph. This device captured sound waves as visual tracings, though it couldn't play them back.

What are the best classical recordings of all time?

Notable classical recordings include Herbert von Karajan's 1963 recording of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 with the Berlin Philharmonic, and Wilhelm Furtwängler's 1947 recording of Wagner's 'Tristan und Isolde'. These recordings are celebrated for their artistic excellence and historical significance.

How was early music recorded?

Early music was recorded using mechanical devices like the phonograph, invented by Thomas Edison in 1877. This device used a stylus to etch sound waves onto a rotating cylinder. Later, discs replaced cylinders, allowing for mass production and wider distribution of recorded music.

When were the first recordings of music made?

The first recordings of music were made in the 1860s. Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville's phonautograph captured sound waves visually in 1860, but it wasn't until the 1870s that Thomas Edison's phonograph could both record and play back sound, marking a significant milestone in music recording history.

See also: Small Harp: Portable Early Music.